What if German was the Official US Language

You might have heard the rumor that German almost became the official language of the  United  States of America. The legend usually goes something like this: â€Å"In 1776, German came within one vote of becoming Americas official language instead of English.† It is a story that Germans, German teachers, and many other people like to tell. But how much of it is actually true? At first glance, it may sound plausible. After all, Germans have played an important role in US history. Think of the Hessian soldiers, von Steuben, Molly Pitcher and all that. It is estimated that about 17% of US-Americans have German ancestors.A closer look reveals several serious problems with this official-language story. First of all, the United States has never had an â€Å"official language†Ã¢â‚¬â€English, German or any other—and doesnt have one nowadays. Nor was there any such vote in 1776. Congressional debate and a vote concerning German probably did take place in 1795, but dealt with translating US laws into German, and the proposal to publish laws in languages other than English was rejected a few months later. It is likely that the myth of German as the official language of the US first arose in the 1930s, but it dates back to the countrys earliest history and another similar story. Most scholars suspect that the US legend originated as a German-American Bund propaganda move aimed at giving German added weight via the spurious claim that it had very nearly become Americas official language. By mixing wishful thinking with certain historical events in Pennsylvania, the Nazi-influenced Bund produced the national vote story. On reflection, it is ridiculous to think that German might have become the official language of the US. At no time in its early (!) history was the percentage of Germans in the United States ever higher than about ten percent, with most of that concentrated in one state: Pennsylvania. Even in that state, at no time did the number of German-speaking inhabitants ever exceed one-third of the population. Any claim that German might have become the main language of Pennsylvania in the 1790s, when over 66 percent of the population spoke English, is simply absurd. Clearly, this is just another sad example of the power of propaganda. Although the outcome is rather insignificant--does it really matter whether a few people believe that this might have actually been true?--it draws a misleading portrait of the Germans and their influence in this world.   But lets leave the idiotic Nazi  world aside: What would it have meant, if the German language was chosen as the official language of the US? What does it mean that India, Australia, and the USA officially speak English?

Unemployment And Its Impact On The Nation s Unemployment...

Unemployment is one of the biggest topics that we talk about as a country and also is one of the biggest problems that we have as well. In essence it is the state of being unemployed. There are three total types of unemployment: frictional, structural and cyclical. The latest unemployment rate reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was 4.9% in January. The way that we measure unemployment is BLS conducts a national survey that is random to a number around 60,000 households. They do this to determine who is employed and who is not employed. The survey asks a series of questions such as which members of the household are working, not working, looking for work, not looking for work, etc. The answers that they receive using these surveys is the number that they use for the nation’s unemployment rate. Sure it seems like a small sample size compared to a whole country doing it, but that would take too much time and not everyone would fill it out. The 2010 Census numbers av eraged out to around 2.58 people per household. So that means they are really getting employment/unemployment information and statistics on about 154,800 people which is a much bigger sample size. Then there is always the variable that there is more people in one household than 2.5 that they send the survey to. The BLS divides the country into three separate groups. The first one is made up of people under 16 years of age and people who are institutionalized (i.e. mental hospitals or correctionalShow MoreRelatedDoes Home Ownership Impair An Individuals Labor Market Outcome?1127 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual s labor market outcome? Some early works suggest that home owners change their locations of residence less often than renters and, thus, home owners are immobile and less flexible. Nickell (1997) found that countries in which citizens are not shackled by the chain of permanent residence (flexible mobility) have relatively high employment rates. This point is also illustrated by Hughes and McCormick (1987), who examined links between housing policies, job mobility and unemployment in the UKRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On America926 Words   |  4 Pagesmonth 2014 to date† (Bolen). Unemployment is the one of the biggest poverty problems in America. But what is unemployment? Unemployment is described as when people are looking for job within the past four weeks and can’t find work, however, it can also mean an economic condition that is marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain unhired (Unemployment Definition). Unemployment affects the United States economic syst em, and the society in this nation. The United States economicRead MoreDoes Immigration Have Positive Or Negative Effects On Recipient Nation States?1523 Words   |  7 PagesDoes immigration have positive or negative effects on recipient nation states? 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Example of Db Post Free Essays

Christian Ethics Project #2 1. From a Christian perspective, why did Marxist communism fail? From a Christian point of view, Marxist communism failed due to people not being offered a choice of whether or not to distribute riches to everyone. The author states: â€Å"Beginning in the Garden, God gave men and women the freedom to choose to do what is right. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of Db Post or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the heart of democracy† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). Clearly, it is Godly for people to have freedom of choice; communism was not Godly and therefore, failed. 2. Which is a more Christian form of government, democratic capitalism or democratic socialism? Current history demonstrates that the majority of countries are progressively supporting democratic capitalism along with reduced government involvement (Stapleford, 2009). From a Christian standpoint, Mr. Stapleford writes: â€Å"the individual comes first – before the state or the social order† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). He goes on to say, â€Å"Christians are to resist the temptation to use the coercive power of the state to bend society into conformity with our view of the kingdom† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). Biblically speaking, we are advised not to be wasteful with what we have, and we should be happy to give freely to those in need. Basic guidelines such as these give biblical confirmation to support democratic capitalism (less government involvement), as opposed to democratic socialism with much more government involvement. 3. What functions does government have to undertake because of fallen human nature? Due to the sin nature of human beings, government has needed to impose taxation on the people in order to implement government spending to help those in need. Government spending to help the needy may include giving food or shelter to the poor, discounted or free child care, health care for our seniors and the poor. Again, Christians are called to help those in need. In this case, the government stepped in to do the same thing that we are commanded to do (Stapleford, 2009). 4. Should Christians concern themselves with the regulatory activities of government? If so, what areas of regulation are most significant? Yes, Christians need to be concerned with the regulatory activities of the government. One of the most significant areas of regulation is the prevention of (and prosecution of) discrimination based on economic status, â€Å"gender, race, ethnicity, or age† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 01). Secondly, a significant area of regulation is defending employees from business owners that may force them to work in harmful conditions or â€Å"would steal from their pension funds† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 101). Additionally, we need to ensure that the government is mindful of its regulation and does not over-regulate, as this would be catastrophic to our democratic society. Works Cited Staplefor d, J. (2009). Bulls, bears and golden calves. (2 ed. ). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. [pic] How to cite Example of Db Post, Papers

Macbeth Retold and Macbeth Similarities Essay Example

Macbeth Retold and Macbeth Similarities Paper Macbeth Retold and Macbeth share many connections, yet have essential differences. Demonstrate the truth of this comment through a detailed discussion of Brozels film and Shakespeares drama. Macbeth Retold uses themes, a modified plot to be more accessible to a contemporary audience and exaggerated characters to have an effect on viewers. Retold also utilises setting to create an emotive atmosphere. Likewise Shakespeare Macbeth employs a variety of themes that reflect Elizabethan times, a historical plot and language features, relevant to Shakespeares context. Although links and onnections do exist between the two texts differences are also apparent. These differences enhance the emotional response and the understanding that a modern audience may absorb from Brozels Macbeth Retold. Brozel created Macbeth Retold In 2005 and it Is his Interpretation of the earlier play. The plot Is similar In that key events and characters appear In both texts. Brozel chose to represent the network of the Scottish aristocrats through the hierarchy of a current restaurants kitchen, but changing the setting that events take place in. Joe Macbeth, Brozels contemporary quivalent of Shakespeares protagonist, is head chef and with his wife, Ella (Lady Macbeths filmic parallelb they plan to kill the celebrity chef/owner Duncan Docherty- so that Joe would take ownership of the restaurant. The plot, but more so the setting, was modified so It resonate with people of today. Joes character is easy to connect with as he is overworked, which is evident by the dark circles under his eyes and his lack of sleep. He also answers to a selfish boss and becomes ambitious wanting to receive what he believes he deserves of. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Retold and Macbeth Similarities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Retold and Macbeth Similarities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Retold and Macbeth Similarities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Shakespeares Macbeth the intended udience responded to the settings, such as the aftermath of war, and castles, for example. The concept of Scottish nobility, the divine right of Kings, Princes and Thanes is an abstract concept for many people today, so it is unlikely that Retold would have been as successful if Brozel had not made changes to the plot and setting. Similar themes are employed by both composers to evoke emotions In their respective audiences. Through the relationship of Joe and Ella, Brozel questions the dynamic of a marriage. Shakespeare uses Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to re-lnforce he role of a woman, as that of a passive companion, as expected within Elizabethan society. Ella and Lady M both have aspirations and are driven, and they manipulate their husbands. Lady Ms famous quote l fear thy nature, It is too full othmllk of human kindness. (1. 5. 15-16) indicates she is doubting Macbeths masculinity. Ella also uses a similar line for the same effect, as she attempts to persuade Joe to commit murder. Lady M and Ella share some common goals but Ellas character is able to be more of an equal to her husband. This Is due to the socially accepted role that woman have. Ella is Hostess/front of house of the restaurant where she and Joe work. She maintains a very high standard, which can be observed in the scene at the beginning of the film as she Inspects the table before they open for the night. This symbolises the importance she puts on her position and may be a factor for why she t front of house to go to waste. The Elizabethan ideal of the chain of being and natural world versus unnatural is very apparent in Macbeth. Gods represenitive on Earth is the King, and when Macbeth murders Duncan he disrupts the chain of being and causes disorder. By Macbeth usurping Duncans throne unnatural things start happening, horses eating each other, owls hunting and killing hawks are both mentioned in Act 2 scene 4. Macbeths and Lady Ms spiral into insanity and instability is also an unnatural consequences of the murder committed. Shakespeares character Macbeth was flawed, he became ambitious after his encounter with the Weird Sisters, and he wanted what they promised. He was Jealous and as the play progressed he became arrogant, which eventually lead to his death. The personal Journey that he undertakes and the actions he takes are nderstandable to audience members. They may disagree with Macbeth murdering Duncan, but the ambition that lead Macbeth to commit the murder can be seen. In contrast through Retold, Duncan was portrayed as a much more selfish and egotistical man than King Duncan. Joes character is a passionate chef who is full of enthusiasm, which is demonstrated in the first scene when he is cooking. He starts singing loudly and encourages the other staff to do so. This passion for cooking and for his livelihood is later transformed into anger and extreme behaviours. The two ays that each composer has chosen to have their Macbeth are different, but both Macbeths have the same basic flaws, making them relatable. Brozel uses film techniques due to his differing median. Whereas Macbeth uses written techniques such as dramatic irony, where the audience has an overall view and idea of the plot compared to characters who are limited to knowledge, they learn in scenes they are involved in. An example of dramatic irony in Shakespeares play is when the audience learns in Act 1 that Macbeth has been appointed Thane of Cawdor, when approached by the Weird Sisters- Macbeth himself does not know this. Making what the Sisters tell him and Macbeths reaction dramatic irony. Imagery is also used in both texts, but because Macbeth Retold is a film the imagery and use of colour is more evocative for todays responders. In the moments leading up to the celebratory breakfast scene (which parallels the banquet scene in Shakespeares play) Joe is initially depicted as standing in the hall looking at his reflection in a metal door, behind him is a deep red curtain. The image given to those watching is a distorted view of Joes face with red all around him. This image is a striking one, as it carries on he black, white, and red colour pallete but it also consolidates the idea that Joe isnt really a good guy and that looks can be deceiving. The red in Brozels film symbolises the bloodshed Macbeth causes in the original play. Brozels Macbeth Retold and Shakespeares Macbeth are linked in many ways. Through plot, characters, and some themes. Yet they share distinct differences including each Macbeths character traits, setting and views on woman in society. Because Brozel made changes to his Macbeth Retold it became successful as a film. The differences strengthened the success.

Thailand market Essays - Association Of Asia Pacific Airlines

Thailand market Essays - Association Of Asia Pacific Airlines Thailand market In period 3 , we decided to entered one more market that is Thailand Market . Because Thailand 's tariff and shipping like China and do not have many competitor . Thus we thought that we can have more market share in Thailand market . Unfortunately , we recorded -497.6 million THB net contribution in period 3 . After we analyzed the result if period 3 , we found out that the cost of goods sold of health toothpaste in home was over our expected , the total cost of goods sold was 3491.7 million THB . So in period 4 , we have changed a lot for our production . Enlarging the plant capacity and home production swift to china that made the cost of goods sold form 3491.7 million THB decline to 2890.1million THB . Finally , we got a positive net contribution in Thailand market form period 4 . As we can see that Thailand market was a unstable market for long term .During the period 6-8 , the grow margin in Thailand was decreasing continually. However , we change a little bits at allowance whi ch was 10% turned to 6% . Drug store and hypermarket also had increase of sales . Eventually , the net contribution of Thailand was 242.9 million THB at period 10 . In conclusion , Thailand market was suitable for us that we can enjoy 38% market share and positive contribution .

I Said Jerry Rig

I Said Jerry Rig I Said Jerry Rig I Said Jerry Rig By Kate Evans All I did was ask him if he wanted me to jerry rig his shower curtain, but he looked at me like Id asked him something really inappropriate. Its not the first time Ive gotten confused or blank looks when Ive used the term jerry rig, which is a shame, because Im a very good jerry rigger. I can fashion a rain jacket out of a cereal box or repair my car engine with a paperclip and a piece of used chewing gum. Thats what jerry rigging is, making makeshift repairs or creating contraptions out of whatever materials you have on hand. MacGyver was also a very good jerry rigger. The origins of jerry rigging are debated. The term could could be a mutation of jury rigging, which in todays lexicon, can be used with jerry rigging interchangeably. Jury rig has roots as a nautical term, referring to the replacement mast and yards used in an emergency. The term has been used since at least 1788. It is probable that jury comes from the Old French, ajurie, meaning relief or help. Another theory is that the term jerry rigging is separate from jury rigging and actually comes from World War II. Apparently, American troops adopted the term to describe machines that were repaired with salvaged parts, left behind by retreating German soldiers (jerry being a pejorative term for Germans). In any case, you should use it, to make MacGyver proud or just to see the looks on peoples faces. Should you need inspiration, here are a few examples of jerry rigging as demonstrated by Angus MacGyver, fictional star of the action/adventure series, Macgyver: Plug a sulfuric acid leak with chocolate Fix a water pump with two half dollars Make a telescope out of a newspaper and a magnifying glass Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementBail Out vs. Bale Out

Review of San Francisco Conservatory of Music Percussion Concert Essay

Review of San Francisco Conservatory of Music Percussion Concert - Essay Example Bach, was the opening song. Alemande and Gigue performed this piece very musically and with great accuracy. This showcase of talent was a superior way to draw in the audience from the very start. With only two performers playing such a serious piece, this song could have easily dragged, becoming boring and losing the attention of much of the audience. Alemande and Gigue, however, did a superior job. I never thought I would hear this piece performed by percussion only – and it was great. The second song, Log Cabin Blues, by G.H. Green, provided an enjoyably light, fun contrast to the seriousness of the first piece. I couldn’t help but tap my foot along to the beat of this upbeat song. Katy La Farve, Jonathon Goldstein, Ryder Shelly and Iskandar Rashid carried away the delightful tune on the marimbas while Keaton Snyder kept the beat on the drum set. Particularly enjoyable was the part of the lead marimba, which was fast and covered a wide range of pitches. In the past I have encountered percussion and other ensembles that fail to attend to dynamics in their musical performances, especially in a fast-paced song like this that requires the performers to focus on so many other things. This group managed to include fantastic dynamic contrast, and it was delightful. These performers really got into the song – and in effect, so did the audience. After several other percussion excerpts from various composers, the final piece, Spiegel im Spiegel by Arvo Part, was performed.