The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Essays

The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is valid, realistic, representation of the adolescent world. The book is about adolescent crisis. The main character, Holden, runs away from his expensive school because he is an academic failure and finds intolerable the company of so many phoneys. Holden is a rangy sixteen year old who has grown too fast. Girls are on his mind. Whenever girls do something pretty, even if theyre ugly or stupid, you fall half in love with them. Sex is something I really dont understand too hot. You never know where the hell you are. I keep making up these sex rules for myself, and then I break them right away. Last year I made up a rule that I was†¦show more content†¦Yet, Holdens own sex drive is very much alive; it is part of the irresistible thrust toward adulthood. He does not want to deny it; in this respect he wants to be grown up. The action of the novel is centered around the athlete Stradlater, who is a very sexy bastard, and who has borrowed Holdens jacket and girl. When he returns from the date Holden provokes him into a fight. Get your dirty stinking moron knees off my chest, says Caulfield to Stradlater. Youre a stupid dirty sonuvabitch of a moron. After the fight he goes next door to Ackleys room for companionship. That guy had everything wrong with him; sinus trouble, pimples, lousy teeth, halitosis, crumby fingernails. You had to feel a little sorry for the crazy sonuvabitch. But he can find no comfort or solace in the room which stinks of dirty socks. I felt so lonesome, all of a sudden, I almost wished I was dead.4 It is, however, the imminently dangerous quality of sex that is frightening. When Holden asks his roommate if he had sex, Thats a professional secret, buddy. When Holden recalls for this sexy bastard how he had met Jane and goes on to say that he used to play checkers with her. Stradlaters contemptuous comment is Checkers, for Chrissake! This girl, who had had a lousy childhood with a booze hound for a stepfather running around the goddamn house naked, always kept her kings in the back row.5 The symbolism of thisShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1223 Words   |  5 PagesIn J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is portrayed as a young, troubled individual. He tells us his story from the mental institution where he is currently residing. Holden is a 16 year old going through many different adolescent changes. He is expelled from his prep school for flunking too many subjects. He drinks, smokes, sees a prostitute, is punched by her pimp, goes on dates, spends a great deal of time in the park, and really does not do a great deal else. HoldenRead MoreThe Importance of Censoring in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1145 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican author well known for his best seller The Catcher in the Rye, a considerably influential novel that portrayed the feelings of alienation that were experienced by adolescents in North America after World War II (J.D. Salinger Biography). Salinger’s work appeared in many magazines, including a series of short stories which inspired many new authors (J.D. Salinger Biography). His inspiration for Pencey Prep boarding school in The Catcher in the Rye stemmed from his own difficult education at aRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper proposes to delineate the characteristics of Holden Caulfield, the adolescent protagonist hero of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and illuminate the reasons as to why this prototype of brooding adolescence, displaying a rather uber-cool style of disaffection, disenchantment and disillusionment became an indispensable figure of interest, in literary circles as well as popular culture. The paper seeks to take issue with the wider dimensions attached to the ‘incapacitation and debilitation’Read MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Mental Breakdown1384 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salinger s The Catcher in the Rye portrays a troubled teen in New York City. Over the few days the novel depicts, the boy displays his critical and unhealthy mindset. Eventually he has a mental breakdown. Through psychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield, one may suggest that Allie s death, social development, and an identity crisis are large contributing factors in Holden s mental breakdown. Allie Caulfield is an important person to Holden and his death affects him greatly. In response to hisRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Themes of Society and Growing Up1366 Words   |  6 PagesThemes of Society and Growing Up in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   In reading J.D. Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salingers catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic andRead MoreGrief: The Reason Behind Personal Fable and Imaginary Audience988 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life is so bad, that nobody out there in the world could possibly be going through the same pain as they are. They feel watched and judged. These people believe they are unique and rare. Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and Lindsay Weir, a character from the TV Show, Freaks and Geeks, share similarities with dealing with grief through personal fables and imaginary audience. The definition of personal fable is where someone believes that they are unique inRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger: A Review1887 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Catcher in the Rye Introduction The Catcher in the Rye, a novel by J. D. Salinger, was first published in 1951. The novel deals with the themes of identity, belonging, connection, and alienation. The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is a cynical sixteen year-old with prematurely gray hair that makes him appear older than his age. Holden is caught at the awkward age between adolescence and adulthood as he searches for his identity. Set in the 1940s, the story begins with Holden recoveringRead MoreThe Catcher Of The Rye, By F. D. Salinger1795 Words   |  8 Pagesunderwent a tremendous change in structure as well as philosophy. J. D. Salinger’s book The Catcher in the Rye helped contribute to this revolution by highlighting new philosophies in literature. 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Erikson believed that identity emerges from an identity crisis, which is the phase when one attempts to develop a self-image as a unique person by using knowledge from childhood. Based off of Erikson’s work, James Marcia formed the four identity statuses of identity development: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement (Oswalt). In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caulfield struggles as he attempts to find his

The Quality Gurus Free Essays

The Quality Gurus The six Quality Gurus I have chosen to write about are Dr. Joseph Juran, Dr. W. We will write a custom essay sample on The Quality Gurus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Edwards Deming, Philip Crosby, Dr. Shigeo Shingo, Dr. Genichi Taguchi and Dr. Kaora Ishikawa. All of these people have made significant contributions to improving businesses, healthcare organizations, governments and countless other organizations. A guru is a good, wise person and a teacher above all else. This is coupled with these people with an approach to quality in business and life that has made a major and lasting effect on the way people of all types of businesses run their organizations. Dr. Joseph Juran Joseph Juran was born in Romania in 1904 but he moved to America when he was 8 years old. From the beginning of his career Juran worked in the quality profession. In 1951 he published his most recognised book â€Å"Juran’s Quality Control Handbook†. In 1952 he was invited to Japan to give some top level executive seminars which had a powerful and long lasting effect on Japanese businesses. Juran specialised in managing for quality. One of Juran’s main philosophies was his famous â€Å"Quality Trilogy†. This trilogy is composed of three managerial processes; planning, control and improvement. Quality planning is composed of establishing quality goals, identifying the customer, determining the customer’s needs, developing processes that are able to produce products that respond to customer’s needs, establishing process controls and transferring them to the operating forces. Quality control consists of evaluating actual quality performance, comparing this to performance goals, and trying to resolve the differences. Quality improvement encompasses establishing the infrastructure needed quality improvement, identifying the improvement projects, establishing a project team and providing the team with the resources training and motivation needed to implement the improvements. Joseph Juran came up with the ten steps to quality improvement 1)Build awareness of the need to improve 2)Set goals for that improvement 3)Create plans to reach the goals 4)Provide training 5)Conduct projects to solve problems )Report on progress 7)Give recognition for success 8)Communicate results 9)Keep score 10)Maintain momentum Juran has a practical approach to quality. His goal is to reduce the cost of quality. He identifies four costs associated with quality. These are internal costs (defects found before shipping), external costs (defects found after shipping), appraisal costs (inspection, compliance auditing and investigations) and prevention costs (stopping defects occurring in the first place). Juran believes that management should reduce these internal and external defect costs to the point where costs incurred from extra appraisal and prevention measurses would not be covered by the savings from reduced defects. Juran believes that this will reduce the cost of quality to the minimum without imposing unrealistic goals of zero defects. Dr. W. Edwards Deming W. Edwards Deming was born in America in 1900. He is best remembered for his work in Japan where he taught statistical methods to Japanese management to help them to improve the quality of their products. He is widely regarded as the person who played a major part in revolutionising Japanese quality systems. Deming worked closely with Ford in Japan and his systematic approach to quality brought such huge improvements in quality that soon Fords that were produced in Japan were in much higher demand than US built Fords, even though they were producing identical products. Deming later went on to be an industry consult throughout the word until his death at the age of 93. Deming believed that management were responsible for over 90% of quality problems and so he placed great importance on management. He came up with the 7 deadly diseases which he believed significantly contributed to a lack of quality. These â€Å"diseases† were short term planning promoting fear in the workplace, overly focusing on profits and figures, and excessive costs. To counter act these 7 diseases Deming developed the 14 points for managing which has since been studied and followed the world over. 1)To create a consistency of purpose towards improvement. 2)Learn and adopt the new philosophy. 3)Design and build in quality so as to cease dependence on inspection. 4)Minimise costs through better quality. )Continuously improve production systems through management. 6)More on the training for employees will decrease defects. 7)Show management and supervisors to be leaders. 8)Reduce levels of fear amongst employees so that everyone can contribute effectively. 9)Encourage cooperation and communication between different ares. 10)Eliminate slogans that are based solely at the workforce and targets that ask for unrealistic levels of defects and productivity. 11)Increase supervisors focus to quality rather than quantity. Foster greater employee pride in their work. 2)Get rid of barriers that don’t foster management pride in the workplace. 13)Bring in programmes for self improvement. 14)Get everybody in the organisation to work from top to bottom to accomplish the transformation. Deming developed the Deming Cycle or the PDCA(plan, do, check, act,) cycle. This is a systematic approach to problem solving with the idea being to constantly improve. The cycle is about learning what works and what doesn’t work and then repeating the cycle all over again. This also encourages improvements in small increments which gives employees time in accept it and support it. Demings approach to quality was very customer focused. Anything that does not add value for the customer is not a quality feature. Deming sees everyone involved in building the product as a supplier, a process and a customer. Perhaps his greatest contribution was to show the importance of culture and employee attitudes when trying to create a quality based organisation. Dr. Shigeo Shingo Shigeo Shingo was born in Japan in 1909. He qualified as an industrial engineer and went on to become one the leading experts on improving manufacturing processes. He is best known for his work with Toyota where he developed his just- in- time (JIT) manufacturing methods. He was the inventor of the single minute exchange of die (SMED) system which drastically reduced set up times. He is perhaps best known for inventing the Poka-Yoke system (Mistake proofing system). In poka-yoke Shingo makes the distinction between errors and defects. Poka-yoke tries to stop errors becoming defects. In poka-yoke process are stopped as soon as errors occur. The source of the error is then identified and steps are put in place so that the error does not happen again. With this mistake proofing system Shingo strives to reach zero quality control where mistakes are eliminated completely. Poka-yoke also introduces check lists as Shingo believes that it is inevitable that humans will forget things and make mistakes. Shingo’s single minute exchange of die is a process that allows quick changeover between products. This allows a huge reduction in set up times which allows for production of small batches of products with very little disruption. Shingo’s JIT production keeps companies inventory levels low by only producing what the customer wants when they want it. This greatly helped companies to reduce costs associated with inventories. In my workplace in a medical device company there are signs of Shigeo Shingo’s influence everywhere. Shingo’s poka-yoke system is used on the manufacturing line to prevent errors from reoccurring. Defects are examined at the point of the defect and the source of the defect is determined. Preventative action is then put in place if possible to prevent this same defect occurring again. Check lists are put in place at every point of work to prevent mistakes from occurring. SMED systems are also used widely in my work. Materials, machines and process are kept as similar as possible so as to reduce set up times so that we can produce big or small batches with minimal disruption. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby was born in Florida in 1926. He was the quality control manager at the Martin Company, Florida which is where he initiated his zero defects program. Crosby had an aim to change the attitude of top level management about quality. He made quality more measurable as a cost and in doing so he could show the true expense of doing things wrong. Crosby’s most famous concepts were his â€Å"zero defects† and â€Å"quality is free† concepts. These theories were backed up by Crosby’s Four Absolutes of Quality Management. 1)Quality means conformance to requirements 2)Prevention, rather than appraisal should be the system for achieving quality 3)Zero defects should be the standard of conformance 4)Quality should be measured by the cost of non conformance. These Four Absolutes of Quality Management are supported by Crosby’s 14 steps of quality improvement. These steps are there to show that management is committed to quality. There should be quality improvement teams put in place to determine where problems lie. The cost of quality should be evaluated and awareness of quality should be heightened. Corrective action should be put in place and the situation should be monitored. Encourage individual improvement and get employees more involved in quality feedback. People who actively participate in quality improvement should be recognised. These steps should be continuously enforced to show that quality is never ending. Crosby introduced the â€Å"Crosby Vaccine † as a preventative measure for poor quality for management. It is split into 5 sections which covers TQM. These sections are Integrity, Systems, Communication, Operations and Pride. In my work in the medical device industry I can see the influence of Philip Crosby. The four absolutes of quality management are enforced every day. Conformance to requirements is of the foremost importance on the production line. Steps are enforced to prevent mistakes from happening reather than dealing with them when they happen. There is a policy of zero defects which the company tries to communicate to the employees. As we as all this I can see that the company makes huge efforts to get all employees involved in making suggestions to improve quality throughout the company by introducing schemes such as the â€Å"My Ideas† scheme. Here, employees can submit ideas on how to improve quality and they can be rewarded and acknowledged for their efforts. Dr. Genichi Taguchi Genichi Taguchi was born in Japan in 1924. Taguchi used statistics to improve the quality of manufactured goods. Taguchi emphasises putting the quality back into the design of products before they are manufactured. He believes that products should be robust. Taguchi breaks down design into three phases, system design, parameter design and tolerance design. This allows designers to find the optimum settings to produce a product that can survive manufacturing every time and produce products that always conform to specification. The system design is basically the idea of the design, deciding what you want it to be able to do. The parameter design is where nominal values are defined for parameters so as to minimise variation in manufacturing. The tolerance design shows the effect that the parameters have on the products performance. Taguchi also introduced many different methods for analysing results of experiments such as â€Å"analyses of variance† and â€Å"minute analyses†. Although some of Taguchi’s statistical methods are disputed, he has been very influential in improving manufacturing quality worldwide. Dr. Kaora Ishikawa Kaoru Ishikawa was born in Japan in 1915. He is best known for the cause and effect diagram that is used in the analyses of industrial processes. Ishikawa believes that all employees have a greater role to play and without this we are limiting the potential for improvement. Ishikawa introduced â€Å"quality circles† and had a big emphasis on the †internal customer. † References: http://0-web. ebscohost. com. library. itsligo. ie – A Framework for Comparison, Ghobadian, Abby, Speller, Simon http://www. businessballs. com/dtiresources/quality_management_gurus_theories. pdf -The Original Quality Gurus, DTI. gov. uk http://www. enotes. com/management-encyclopedia/quality-gurus -Encyclopedia of Management, Mildred Golden Pryor http://www. qualitygurus. com http://www. skymark. com -W. Edwards Deming – The Father of Quality Evolution How to cite The Quality Gurus, Papers

Fashion Capital Companies Bond Management

Question: Describe about the Facts and Report for Fashion Capital Companies Bond Management. Answer: Value of bonds of Capital Fashion Ltd. Value of a bond = C*(1-(1/ (1+i) ^n))/I + F/ (1+i) ^n Where: C = Interest paid on bonds I = required rate of return N = number of years to maturity F = face value Where C = 87.5, I = 6%, N = 12 years, F = $1000 Value of bond = 87.5* (1-(1/(1.06)^12))/0.06 + 1000/ (1.06) ^12 = $1230.5 Value of Preference shares of Agri Credit Ltd. Value of preference share = dividend at end of year 1 / required rate of return = 2.5 / 7% = $35.71 Value of Equity of Southern Cross Electricals Ltd. Value of equity for constant growth = expected dividend / (required rate of return growth rate) Growth rate for Southern Cross Electricals Ltd = (present dividend/past dividend) ^1/n 1 Assuming dividends grow at the same rate as the earnings of the company, we substitute earnings per share for dividend per share Growth rate = (3.06/1.49)^1/5 1 = 15.4% Dividend at end of year 1 = current dividend * growth rate = 1.32 * 1.154 = $1.52 Value of equity = 1.52 / (0.15 0.154) = -$380.8 The values of all investments and their market price are presented below: Investment Market price Value Overvalued/undervalued Bonds $1314 $1230.56 $-83.44 (overvalued) Preference shares $25.5 $35.71 $10.21 (undervalued) Equity shares $36.75 $-380.82 $-417.57 (overvalued) The bonds are selling at a price higher than their intrinsic value. Returns from bonds are in the form of coupon payments and the face value of bond redeemed at maturity. If the bond is selling at a value higher than its value, the bond holder will receive less than the purchase price of the bond and therefore his returns will be low. The bond is overvalued in this case and it is expected that the price of the bond will fall in the future as the market corrects itself. Preference shares have their intrinsic value more than the market price making the shares undervalued. The price of the shares is expected to increase in the future as the market will correct itself. The equity shares have a negative value because the growth rate of the earnings of the company is higher than the required rate of return by the shareholders. Since the value of shares is less than the market price, the shares are overvalued and the price is expected to fall in the future. Based on the above, it is advised that the investor should invest in preference shares as they are undervalued and the price of the share is expected to increase in the future providing higher returns to the investor in the form of capital gains. Trends and prospects of the three industries. Apparel Retail Industry The industry is expected to grow at the rate of 3.3% in the next five years. (IBIS world, 2016). The industry saw slowdown in the previous years due to poor economic conditions which led to decrease in demand, also immense competition in the industry reduced profit margins for the players. However, now with the increasing trend of online selling and improved economic conditions, the demand for retail good is increasing. Also, domestic players are facing competition from international players which has forced them to increase their establishments and product offerings. (Euromonitor, 2016) Financial Services Industry The financial services industry is the highest contributor of income in Australia. The industry is highly regulated and developed. Funds management and superannuation are the major products being offered by the industry and is the most reputed around the world. (FSC, 2014). The industry is expected to grow at a fast rate as a result of many technological innovations prevailing in the industry. Increase in the use of online services for carrying out trading transactions has made the industry quite accessible and easy to operate. (treasury.gov.au, 2016). Australia even exports the financial services and exports contribute to the growth of the industry. (austrade.gov.au, 2016) Electrical Appliance Industry The electrical appliance industry is very competitive. There is huge demand for the appliances in Australia as a result of busy lives of the people. The customers are ready to pay premium prices for highly designed appliances which can make their everyday tasks easy. The industry is expected to continuously grow in the future due to increasing need of appliances and the ease of their availability through online selling. The suppliers are in a constant effort to improve the efficiency of the appliances as the water and electricity rates are on a rise. These highly designed appliances will be in great demand in the future. (Euromonitor, 2016) With a decrease in the growth rate by 3%, the resulting growth rate of Southern Cross Electrical Ltd. will be 12.4%. Dividend at the end of year 1 = 1.32 * 1.124 = $1.48 Value of equity share = 1.48 / (0.15 0.124) = $57.06 Investment Price Value Difference Bond $1314 $1230.56 $-83.44 (overvalued) Preference share $25.5 $35.71 $10.21 (undervalued) Equity share $36.75 $57.06 $20.31(undervalued) We see that both preference shares and equity shares are undervalued. However, the equity shares are more undervalued as compared to preference shares and hence it would be recommended to invest in equity shares rather than preference shares. Required rates of return at which the market price and the value of the investment would be equal, the investor will be indifferent to all the three options. This required rate of return is calculated below: Bond = (C + (F P)/n) / (F+P)/2 = 87.5 + (1000-1314)/12) / (1000+1314)/2 = 5.3% Preference shares = D0 / P0 = 2.5 / 25.5 = 9.8% Equity = D1 / (P + g) = 1.52 / 36.75 + 15.4% = 19.6% At the above required rates of return, the value of investment is equal to its market price and the market is said to be efficient. According to efficient market hypothesis, there are no losers or gainers as investors are equally informed and as such the investments are priced correctly. References IBIS World, (2016), Clothing Retailing in Australia: Market Research Report, retrieved from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=407 Austrade.gov.in, (2016), Financial Services: A Sophisticated Hub for the Asia- Pacific, retrieved from https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Buy/Australian-industry-capabilities/financial-services Euromonitor, (2016), Apparel and Footwear in Australia, retrieved from, https://www.euromonitor.com/apparel-and-footwear-in-australia/report Euromonitor, (2016), Consumer Appliances in Australia, retrieved from, https://www.euromonitor.com/consumer-appliances-in-australia/report FSC, (2014), Financial Services is Now Australias Largest Industry, Media Release, Sydney, Financial Services Council Treasury.gov.au, (2016), The Strength of Australias Financial Sector, retrieved from, https://fintech.treasury.gov.au/the-strength-of-australias-financial-sector/